The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has imposed harsher requirements on Housing Finance Companies (HFCs) to align their public deposit norms with those of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs). This action is intended to improve regulatory parity between the two sectors.
Deposit Limits Were Revised
Ceiling Reduction- The RBI has reduced the amount of public deposits that HFCs can hold from three to 1.5 times their net owned fund (NoF). HFCs that exceed this limit must cease receiving or renewing public deposits until they meet the new limitation. Existing excess deposits can mature on time.
Maturity term- The maximum term for which HFCs can accept or renew public deposits has been decreased from 120 months to 12-60 months. Deposits with maturities longer than 60 months can be repaid according to their current terms.
Enhanced Liquidity Requirements
Liquid Asset Ratio- HFCs must now keep liquid assets at 15% of public deposits. This is being phased in gradually, with a requirement of 14% by January 1, 2025 and 15% by July 1, 2025.
Asset Coverage- HFCs must maintain full asset cover for public deposits at all times and disclose any shortfalls to the National Housing Bank.
Additional Regulatory Measures
Regulatory Parity- HFCs and NBFCs will now be subject to the same restrictions when it comes to branches and agents collecting deposits.
Investment restrictions- HFCs must establish internal restrictions approved by the board for direct investments in unquoted shares of non-subsidiary and non-group enterprises.
Hedging And Market Participation
Hedging Instruments- HFCs can now hedge operational risks with currency futures, interest rate futures, and credit default swaps (CDS). They can purchase CDS for credit risk protection but not sell it or enter short positions.
Market Participation- Non-deposit-taking HFCs having assets of more than Rs 1,000 crore can participate in currency options exchanges, while all HFCs can trade interest rate futures.
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