NASA has reached a big milestone by discovering six new exoplanets: HD 36384 b, TOI-198 b, TOI-2095 b, TOI-2095 c, TOI-4860 b, and MWC 758 c

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NASA has reached a big milestone by discovering six new exoplanets: HD 36384 b, TOI-198 b, TOI-2095 b, TOI-2095 c, TOI-4860 b, and MWC 758 c. This takes the total number of confirmed exoplanets outside our solar system to 5,502, which represents a significant breakthrough in our understanding of the cosmos and the possibility of extraterrestrial life.

Background To Exoplanet Discovery

The discovery of Poltergeist and Phobetor circling the pulsar PSR B1257+12 in 1992 proved the existence of the first exoplanets about 31 years ago. By March 2022, the number of found exoplanets had topped 5,000, indicating tremendous advancement in the area.

Characteristics Of Newly Discovered Exoplanets

• HD 36384 b is a super-Jupiter that orbits a M massive star approximately 40 times the size of our Sun.
  

• TOI-198 b: A potentially rocky planet toward the inner border of its star's habitable zone.

• TOI-2095b and TOI-2095c are hot super-Earths orbiting the same M dwarf star.
  

• TOI-4860 b is an unusual "hot Jupiter," orbiting a M dwarf star every 1.52 days.
  

• MWC 758 c is a massive protoplanet orbiting a young star with a protoplanetary disk, providing insights into early planetary formation.

Detection Methods

These exoplanets were identified using a variety of techniques-

• Radial Velocity- Measures the wobbling of a star induced by planets in orbit.
  

• The transit method detects the dimming of brightness as planets pass in front of their host stars.

• Direct Imaging- Used to identify MWC 758 c.

Impact Of Space Telescopes

NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), which debuted in 2018, has been critical in identifying thousands of exoplanet candidates. Spitzer, Hubble, and the James Webb Space Telescope have all contributed significantly to exoplanet research.

Future Prospects

Looking ahead, NASA intends to launch the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope in May 2027, which will include a coronagraph instrument enabling direct imaging of exoplanets. This technique could lead to future missions such as the projected Habitable Worlds Observatory, which will look for signs of life on exoplanets.

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