CURRENT AFFAIRS
CURRENT AFFAIRS
Description
The Wildlife Institute of India recently reported that there are over 4000 Gangetic dolphins in the Gangetic River basin. Over 2000 of these dolphins live in Uttar Pradesh, especially in the Chambal River. This growth shows that river pollution is decreasing and that the government's conservation measures are working.
Gangetic River Dolphin
The Ganges river dolphin, also known as the blind dolphin, Ganges susu, or Hihu, has the scientific name Platanista gangetica. The dolphin was previously found in the Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna and Karnaphuli-Sangu river systems, but it is currently found in certain stretches of the Ganga-Brahmaputra-Barak river system in India, as well as rivers in Nepal and Bangladesh.
Characteristics Of Gangetic Dolphin
Gangetic dolphins are blind and only survive in freshwater. They hunt with sonar, which produces ultrasonic sound waves that bounce off prey. These dolphins are typically encountered alone or in small groups. As mammals, they must surface every 30-120 seconds to breathe, making a distinct'susu' sound when they exhale.
Threats To Ganges Dolphins
Several reasons have contributed to the reduction in the Gangetic dolphin population-
Unintentional killing due to entrapment in fishing gear.
Poaching for oil is utilized in traditional medicine.
Habitat damage due to development projects, pollution, and noise from vessel traffic.
Government Attempts To Save Gangetic Dolphins
The Indian government has implemented a variety of efforts to safeguard Gangetic dolphins-
Listed under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972, which provides the greatest level of legal protection.
On May 18, 2010, it was declared India's national aquatic animal.
Included in the list of 22 highly endangered species under the Centrally financed project 'Development of Wildlife Habitats.'
Founded the Vikramshila Dolphin Sanctuary in Bhagalpur, Bihar.
Created a comprehensive action plan (2022-2047) for river dolphin and aquatic habitat protection.
The Uttar Pradesh government declared the Chambal Sanctuary to be a dolphin sanctuary.
Project Dolphin was launched in 2019 as part of the Namami Ganga project, with the goal of doubling the dolphin population by 2030.
Wildlife Institute Of India
The Wildlife Institute of India, established in 1982 under the Union Ministry of Forests and Climate Change, trains professionals, conducts research, and provides advice on wildlife conservation and management. Its headquarters are in Dehradun, Uttarakhand.
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