CURRENT AFFAIRS
CURRENT AFFAIRS
Description
Experts are concerned that Kitum, the world's deadliest cave, located in Kenya's Mount Elgon National Park, could be home to the next pandemic, the Marburg virus.
About Marburg Virus Disease
It is an uncommon yet severe hemorrhagic fever that can infect both humans and non-human primates. It is caused by the Marburg virus, a genetically distinct zoonotic (or animal-borne) RNA virus from the filovirus family.
It belongs to the same family as the virus responsible for Ebola.
Human infection with MVD occurs after prolonged exposure to mines or caves inhabited by Rousettus bats.
Once infected, Marburg can spread through human-to-human transmission via direct contact (through broken skin or mucous membranes) with infected people's blood, secretions, organs, or other bodily fluids, as well as surfaces and materials contaminated with these fluids (e.g., bedding, clothing).
Symptoms
It include sudden onset of fever, chills, headache, and myalgia following a 2-21 day incubation period.
Around the fifth day after the commencement of symptoms, a maculopapular rash may appear on the trunk (chest, back, stomach).
Nausea, vomiting, chest pain, sore throat, abdominal pain, and diarrhea may occur.
Symptoms worsen and can include jaundice, pancreatic inflammation, significant weight loss, disorientation, shock, liver failure, major hemorrhaging, and multi-organ dysfunction.
The average MVD case fatality rate is approximately 50%. Case mortality rates in previous outbreaks ranged from 24% to 88%, depending on the virus type and case care.
There is no specific treatment for MVD. Early supportive care, including rehydration and symptomatic therapy, improves survival.
What Are Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Or VHFs?
They are a group of disorders caused by viruses from numerous different families.
They refer to a disorder that affects numerous organ systems in the body, harms the overall cardiovascular system, and impairs the body's ability to function independently.
Some VHFs produce minor illnesses, while others can cause serious, life-threatening conditions. Most VHFs have no known treatment or vaccination.
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