CURRENT AFFAIRS
CURRENT AFFAIRS
Description
India has nominated the 'Maratha Military Landscapes' for inclusion on the UNESCO World Heritage List in the 2024-25 cycle. This noteworthy effort by the Culture Ministry emphasizes the outstanding fortification and military systems envisaged by the Maratha monarchs.
Understanding The Maratha Military Landscape
The 'Maratha Military Landscapes of India' are made up of twelve components: Salher Fort, Shivneri Fort, Lohgad, Khanderi Fort, Raigad, Rajgad, Pratapgad, Suvarnadurg, Panhala Fort, Vijay Durg, Sindhudurg, and Gingee Fort. These monuments, which date from the 17th and 19th centuries, may be seen throughout Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu, demonstrating the Maratha rulers' strategic military supremacy.
Geographical And Physiographic Significance
These forts, which are spread throughout a variety of geographical regions such as the Sahyadri mountain ranges, the Konkan Coast, the Deccan Plateau, and the Eastern Ghats, have a distinct blend of scenery, terrain, and physiographic characteristics. Each fort varied in hierarchy, scale, and typology, demonstrating the Marathas' inventive approach to military design.
Historical Background
The Maratha military concept began in the 17th century, under the reign of Maratha King Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. It persisted throughout the successive regimes until the Peshwa rule ended in 1818. The forts symbolize a long history of bravery, strategy, and architectural skill.
UNESCO World Heritage Nomination
The nomination of the 'Maratha Military Landscapes' is classified as cultural property. These landscapes have been added to the UNESCO Tentative List of World Heritage Sites for 2021. India's submission seeks to conserve and bring global prominence to these historical places.
Current Status And Protection
Only 12 of Maharashtra's more than 390 forts have been selected for this nomination. The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) protects eight of these forts, while the Directorate of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Maharashtra, manages the remaining four.
Types Of Forts In Nomination
The Maratha Military Landscapes include of hill forts, hill-forest forts, hill-plateau forts, coastal forts, and island forts. This variant demonstrates the Marathas' adaptability and skill in utilizing the natural topography to their advantage.
UNESCO Criteria For Nominations
The 'Maratha Military Landscapes of India' are nominated based on three criteria: unique testimonial to a cultural tradition, excellent example of an architectural or technological ensemble, and association with events or concepts of remarkable universal relevance.
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