China is building the world's largest "ghost particle" detector, the Tropical Deep-sea Neutrino Telescope (TRIDENT), also known as "Hai ling" or "Ocean Bell" in Chinese, in a breakthrough scientific undertaking. TRIDENT, which is located 11,500 feet (3,500 meters) beneath the surface of the Western Pacific Ocean, will transform our understanding of the enigmatic particles known as neutrinos.
Neutrinos: Mysterious Ghost Particles
Neutrinos are one of the most abundant subatomic particles in the universe, second only to photons. However, their lack of electrical charge and near-zero mass make them very elusive, as they interact with other types of matter very little.
Scientists can track neutrinos' origins billions of light-years far away by slowing them down, giving information on cataclysmic stellar catastrophes and galactic phenomena.
Role of TRIDENT
TRIDENT will be anchored near the equator on the seafloor of the Western Pacific Ocean. It will use Earth as a shield to detect neutrinos entering from the other side of the planet, allowing for all-sky observation with no blind areas.
Neutrinos occasionally contact with water molecules, producing particle byproducts known as muons, which generate flashes of light. TRIDENT will be made up of over 24,000 optical sensors that will be strung in a Penrose tiling pattern on 1,211 strings that will be 2,300 feet (700 meters) long. When fully operational, it will scan 1.7 cubic miles (7.5 cubic kilometers) of water for neutrinos.
TRIDENT will be far more sensitive than existing detectors such as IceCube in Antarctica. It will improve the odds of detecting neutrinos, including rare ones created when cosmic rays collide with the Earth's atmosphere.
Timeline
Pilot Project: A pilot project is scheduled to begin in 2026.
Full Operation: The TRIDENT detector will be fully operational by 2030.
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