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A novel material developed at IIT Bombay termed nanostructured hard-carbon florets (NCFs) has attained an exceptional solar-thermal conversion efficiency of more than 87 percent. This substance turns sunlight into thermal energy efficiently, making it useful for practical uses such as heating air and water. It effectively absorbs over 97% of the UV, visible, and infrared components of sunlight, converting them to thermal energy. For practical uses, the resultant heat can be efficiently transferred to either air or water. According to research, NCFs may boost the temperature of the surrounding air from room temperature to 60 degrees Celsius, allowing for smoke-free space heating.
According to Professor C Subramaniam of IIT Bombay's Department of Chemistry, "This is particularly relevant for heating spaces located in cold climatic conditions that receive abundant sunshine, such as Leh and Ladakh."
Solar thermal converters, such as those used in solar water heaters, are already in use around the world. According to the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, solar water heaters are used by 2.5 percent of Indian households, or around 40 million people. Traditional solar heat absorbers, on the other hand, are frequently expensive, cumbersome, and detrimental to the environment.
Dr Ananya Sah, the lead author of the NCF study, said, "Conventional coatings and materials for solar-thermal conversion are based on chromium (Cr) or nickel (Ni) films. While anodized chromium is a heavy metal and toxic to the environment, both Cr and Ni films exhibit solar-thermal conversion efficiencies ranging from 60 to 70 per cent. In fact, the best commercial ones in the market operate at 70 per cent solar-thermal conversion efficiencies."
According to an official release from IIT Bombay, the study, which is supported by the Swarna Jayanti Fellowship of the Department of Science and Technology in India, gives a sustainable solution to the global energy crisis and supports in the transition to eco-friendly energy sources.
Professor Subramaniam expressed optimism, saying, "I strongly believe that NCF has the potential to revolutionize the solar-thermal energy market in India and pave the way for decarbonisation."
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