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UNESCO Science Report (USR) 2021

Date - 16th Jun 2021

The latest edition of the UNESCO Science Report (USR) was published on June 11, 2021 and is entitled “Race against time for smarter development”. USR is UNESCO's flagship publication every five years. This is a Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) report. Each issue has a chapter on India.

The chapter on India in the latest edition is authored by Professor Sunil Mani, Director of the Center for Development Studies in Thiruvananthapuram. This chapter provides an overview of the development of STI in India, as well as suggestions and recommendations.

Recommendations and suggestions

• Regarding initiatives to promote innovation around COVID-19, USR proposes to find new ways to fund research projects and amend existing intellectual property rules to remove compulsory licensing of vaccines and drugs.
• According to the report, India has not adopted Industry 4.0 technologies and the loss of jobs due to automation is not a major threat at this time.
• The report highlights that despite some efforts, only a few Indian states have made progress towards meeting renewable energy targets. USR offers incentives to encourage the use of electric and hybrid vehicles. The report says nothing about biofuels or hydrogen energy policies.
• With regard to the employment report, job opportunities for graduates of science, technology, engineering and medicine (STEM) have not increased. However, the employability of STEM graduates increased to 49% in 2019 from 34% in 2014. This is a serious problem because all other graduates are unemployed.

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