OFFICIAL SYLLABUS
Biology (Theory)
Unit I: Diversity in the Living World
i) diversity of organisms
ii) Classification of organisms (Five kingdom classification, major groups and principles of classification within each kingdom).
iii) Systematic and binomial system of nomenclature
iv) Salient features of animals (non-chordates up to phylum level and chordates up to class level) and plant (major group; angiosperms up to class) taxonomy, viruses, viroids, lichens Botanical gardens, herbaria, zoological parks and museums.
Unit II: Structural Organization in Animals and Plants
i) Tissue in animals and plants.
ii) Morphology, anatomy and function of different parts of flowering plants: root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed.
iii) Morphology, anatomy and function of different systems of annelid (earthworm), an insect (cockroach) and an amphibian (frog).
Unit III: Cell: Structure and Function
i) Cell: Cell Principle; Prokaryotic and enkaryotic cells, cell walls, cell membranes and cell organelles (plastids, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies/dictosomes, ribosomes, lysosomes, vacuoles, centrioles) and nuclear organization.
ii) Meiosis division, meiosis division, cell cycle.
iii) Basic chemical constituents of organisms.
iv) Structure and function of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.
v) Enzymes: Types, Properties and Functions.
Unit IV: Plant Physiology
Water, food, movement of nutrients and gases, plant and water mineral nutrition, respiration, photosynthesis, growth and development of plants
Unit V: Human Physiology
i) Digestion and absorption.
ii) Breathing and respiration.
iii) Body fluids and circulation.
iv) Excretion products and elimination.
v) Movement and movement.
vi) Neural control and coordination, chemical coordination and regulation.
Practical
| 1 | Experimentation and spotting |
| 2 | Viva's record on a test project and project basis |
| 3 | Class records and viva based on experiments |
A. List of Experiments
1. Study and describe three locally available common flowering plants of each of the following families (Solanaceae, Fabaceae and Liliaceae) Root type (tap or adventitious), Stem (herbaceous/woody) Leaf arrangement/shape /venous/simple or compound).
2. Preparation and study of TS of dicot and monocot roots and stems (primary).
3. Study of osmosis by potato osmometer.
4. Study of plasmolysis in epidermal peels (eg rheo leaves).
5. Study of the distribution of stomata on upper and lower surface of leaves.
6. Comparative study of rates of transpiration in upper and lower surface of leaves.
7. Test for the presence of sugar, starch, protein and fat. To detect them in suitable plant and animal material.
8. Separate the colors of plants by means of paper chromatography.
9. To study the rate of respiration in flower buds and germinated seeds.
10. To study the effect of salivary amylase on starch.
11. To test the presence of urea, sugar, albumin and bile salts in urine.
B. Studying/observing (opening) the following
1. Study the parts of compound microscope.
2. Study of specimens and identification with causes- Bacteria, Oscillatoria, Spirogyra, Rhizopus, Mushroom, Yeast, Liverwort, Moss, Fern, Pine, One monocotyledon and one Dicotyledon and one lichen.
3. Study of specimens and identification with causes- Amoeba, Hydra, Liverfluke, Ascaris, Leech, Earthworm, Shrimp, Silkworm, Bee, Snail, Starfish, Shark, Rohu, Frog, Lizard, Pigeon and Rabbit.
4. Study of tissues and diversity in size and shape of plant and animal cells (e.g. palisade cells, guard cells, parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, xylem, phloem, squamous epithelium, muscle fibers and mammalian cells) through temporary/permanent slides blood smear).
5. Study of mitosis in onion root tip cells and animal cells (grasshoppers) from permanent slides.
6. Study of various changes in root, stem and leaves.
7. Study and identify different types of inflorescences.
8. Study of permeation in seeds/raisins.
9. Observations and Comments on the Experimental Set-up:
a- aneurysm
B- phototropism
c- apical bud removal
d- Suction due to de-transpiration
10. To study the human skeleton and different types of joints.
11. Study of external morphology of earthworm, cockroach and frog through model/protected specimens.
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