Official Syllabus
The syllabus consists of seven themes
(i) Representation of Geographical Features
(ii) Atmosphere
(iii) Weather and Climate
(iv) Weathering and Soil Formation
(v) Industries
(vi) Energy and Power Resources
(vii) Study of Continents: Europe, Africa, Australia, Antarctica.
Theme 1: Representation of Geographical Features
Use of colors on Topographical sheets
(i) Blue - Waterbody
(ii) Red - Settlements
(iii) Yellow - Agriculture
(iv) Brown - High relief
(v) Green - Forests
Use of scales for measurement: types of scales (representative fraction, linear scale).
Measuring distance on the map using scales (straight line, curved line).
Conventional signs & symbols (based on topographical sheets of Survey of India).
Theme 2: Atmosphere
Introduction
Composition of the Atmosphere
Structure of the Atmosphere (brief description of Troposphere, Stratosphere (ozone layer), Thermosphere, Mesosphere, Exosphere).
Green House Effect: meaning and causes.
Global warming:
(i) Introduction
(ii) Causes of ozone depletion (Greenhouse gases, deforestation, burning of fossil fuels);
(iii) Impact of global warming (Melting of Ice caps & sea level rise, changing patterns of distribution of precipitation and temperature, etc.)
Ways to reduce global warming (in general).
Theme 3: Weather and Climate
Elements of Weather:
(i) Temperature
(ii) Atmospheric pressure
(iii) Humidity
(iv) Precipitation (rain, dew, hail, snow)
(v) Winds
(vi) Cloud (different types)
Difference between Weather and Climate.
Weather Instruments:
(i) Thermometer
(ii) Rain gauge
(iii) Barometer
(iv) Hygrometer
(v) Anemometer and wind vane
(Brief explanation with diagrams)
Isohytes and Isotherms - meaning and diagrams only.
Theme 4: Weathering and Soil Formation
(i) Types of rocks (igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary): formation with examples
(ii) Weathering: meaning; factors affecting weathering
(iii) Types of weathering (mechanical, chemical, biological): brief explanation; soil formation as a result of weathering;
(iv) Soil profile; the importance of soil conservation, methods of soil conservation.
Theme 5: Industries
(i) Introduction
(ii) Need for industries in the world.
(iii) Types of industries: large scale, small scale, cottage industries; agro-based industries.
(iv) Factors related to the establishment of an industry.
(v) Important industries of the world: Iron and Steel, Cotton Textile, Information Technology, Sugar Industry, shipbuilding, fishing, automobile; important centers of these industries and their location on the world map.
(vi) Pollution due to industries and its prevention.
Theme 6: Energy and Power Resources
(i) Introduction: sources of energy; renewable and non-renewable energy resources
(ii) Renewable Energy Sources (Solar Power, Hydro-Power and Wind Power).
(iii) Non-renewable Energy Sources (coal and petroleum).
(iv) Hydroelectric projects: names of the major hydroelectric power projects in India with the names of the river and the state in which they are located. Locating on a map.
(v) Conservation of energy and power resources.
Theme 7: Study of Continents: Europe, Africa, Australia, and Antarctica
Europe, Africa, Australia
(i) Introduction
(ii) Location
(iii) Boundaries
(iv) Political divisions (countries with capitals)
(v) Major Physical features
(vi) Locating the above on the world map.
Case Studies
(i) Tourism in Switzerland (Europe)
(ii) Cocoa cultivation in Ghana (Africa)
(iii) Sheep rearing in Australia (or any other)
Antarctica - the uninhabited continent
(i) Location
(ii) Boundaries
(iii) Climate
(iv) Human void zone.
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