Official Syllabus

The syllabus consists of five themes

(i) Plant Life

(ii) The Cell

(iii) Human Body

(iv) Health and Hygiene

(v) Adaptation

Theme 1: Plant Life

The Leaf

(i) External structure (parts of a leaf in detail).

(ii) Kinds of leaves (simple & compound).

(iii) Types of venation (reticulate and parallel).

(iv) Functions of the leaf (main functions).

(v) Modifications (tendrils, spines, scale leaves).

(vi) Insectivorous plants. Need for modification with an example.

(vii) Vegetative propagation in leaf (example Myriophyllum).

The Flower

(i) Parts (4 whorls), structure, and function of each whorl.

(ii) Pollination (self and cross): An idea about agents of cross-pollination (wind, water, and insects - their examples).

(iii) Fertilization: process in simple terms.

(iv) Formation of fruit - the fate of each part (whorl) of the flower after fertilization.

(v) Parts of fruits: dry and fleshy, examples of dry and fleshy parts; parts of the pericarp of fleshy fruits (epicarp, mesocarp, endocarp) and function of each part.

(vi) Seed - parts (cotyledon, embryo: Radicle, plumule) and types (monocot, dicot)

(vii) Germination - conditions required for germination (moisture, warmth), seed germination of different seeds.

Theme 2: The Cell

(i) Plant cell: Cell organelles and their functions.

(ii) Animal cell: Cell organelles and their functions.

(iii) Diagrams of plant and animal cells.

(iv) Only the following to be included: Cell wall, Cell membrane, Plastids, Nucleus, Vacuole, Cytoplasm - their structure and functions

(v) Differences between plant and animal cells.

Theme 3: Human Body

Digestive System

(i) Revisit previous learning.

(ii) Organs of the digestive system; function of each organ.

(iii) Process of digestion particularly of Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Fats.

Respiratory System

(i) Main parts (nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs); functions of each part of the respiratory system.

(ii) Difference between respiration and breathing.

(iii) Mechanism of breathing (physical process with respect to diaphragm and ribs-inhalation and exhalation).

(iv) Mention of common respiratory diseases: asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis (T.B.).

Circulatory System

(i) Main parts of the circulatory system (heart, blood, blood vessels).

(ii) Process of circulation in the body.

(iii) Components of blood (plasma and blood cells - RBC, WBC, platelets with their functions only).

(iv) Types of Blood groups (A, B, AB, O): mention only.

(v) Blood pressure (concept only); heartbeat, pulse

(vi) Keeping the heart healthy through exercise and good food habits.

Theme 4: Health and Hygiene

(i) Types of diseases (communicable and noncommunicable).

(ii) Communicable diseases: bacterial, viral, protozoal, diseases caused by worms (common examples of each).

(iii) Modes of transmission of diseases (air, water, food, insects).

(iv) Ways to prevent communicable diseases.

(v) Non-communicable diseases: examples, ways to prevent them.

(vi) Hygiene - ways to keep the surroundings clean, safe disposal of garbage, healthy practices for hygiene.

Theme 5: Adaptation

(i) Habitat - definition

(ii) Adaptations of plants and animals to the following habitats along with characteristics and examples:

(iii) Aquatic habitat - floating, submerged, and fixed plants; adaptations in fish.

(iv) Desert - adaptations in cactus as a desert plant and camel as a desert animal.

(v) Mountain - adaptations in trees like Pine and Fir; mountain goat.

(vi) Air - adaptation for flight in birds, and aerial plants.

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