Official Syllabus
The syllabus consists of six themes -
(i) Representation of Geographical Features
(ii) Landforms
(iii) Water Bodies
(iv) Agriculture
(v) Minerals and
(vi) Study of Continents: North America and South America.
Theme 1: Representation of Geographical Features
(i) Maps: introduction, the difference between map, sketch, plan, and the globe.
(ii) Importance of maps.
(iii) Types of maps based on scale.
(iv) Scale: meaning and uses.
(v) Direction: eight cardinal points.
(vi) Symbols.
(vii) Diagrams (with brief explanation): rivers, meander, anticline, syncline, tributaries, distributaries, delta, block mountain.
Theme 2: Landforms
Types of landforms;
Mountains and Valleys: processes of formation of mountains and valleys - endogenous and exogenous processes
Mountains
Formation of Mountains, folding, meaning and characteristics of Young Fold Mountains, distribution of Young Fold Mountains in the world - Rockies, Andes, Alps, Great Dividing Range, Himalayas, and Atlas Mountains; meaning and characteristics of Old Fold Mountains, distribution of old fold mountains in the world (Urals, Appalachians, Aravalis). Location on the world map.
Faulting - meaning of faulting, formation, and characteristics of Block mountains, distribution of Block mountains in the world (Black Forest, Vosges, Vindhyas)
Importance of mountains
Volcanic mountains: formation and characteristics (Mount. Kilimanjaro in Africa and Mt. Fujiyama in Japan)
Valleys
Formation and characteristics of rift Valley, distribution of rift valleys in the world - Rhine, Narmada, Nile
Plateaus
Formation and characteristics, types of plateaus, distribution in the world (The Deccan plateau in India, Tibet Plateau, The east African Plateaus in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda), rich in mineral deposits. Location on the world map.
Plains
Formation and characteristics, types of plains, distribution of plains in the world (plains of North America, Gangetic plains of India). Location on the world map.
Landforms and people
Landforms - impact on the life of people. (comparison between life in the mountains and life in the plains)
Theme 3: Water Bodies
Oceans
Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean, and Southern Ocean; their characteristics and importance
Sea
Distribution of marginal and inland seas (Bering Sea, Caribbean Sea, North Sea, Black sea, Caspian Sea, Aral Sea, Arabian sea, Red sea, and dead sea).
Lakes
Distribution of major lakes in the world, their characteristics, and importance (Baikal, Five Great lakes of the U.S.A, Lake Omega, Lake Titicaca, Lake Victoria, and Chilka lake).
Rivers
Distribution of major rivers in the world, their characteristics, and importance, (Mackenzie, St Lawrence, Mississippi, Amazon, Nile, Rhine, Danube, Indus, Ganga, Yangtze, Huang Ho, Ob, Murray).
Causes of pollution of water bodies (in general).
Locating the above on the world map.
Theme 4: Agriculture
Introduction to different types of agricultural practices in the world.
Subsistence Farming
(i) Intensive Farming
(ii) Extensive Farming
(iii) Shifting Cultivation
Food crops and cash crops: meaning with examples - wheat, rice, cotton, jute, sugarcane
Commercial farming: meaning with examples
Plantation Farming: meaning with examples (tea, coffee, rubber)
Locate major crop-producing regions on the world map.
Green Revolution: A brief idea of how the green revolution helped in agricultural development.
Theme 5: Minerals
Minerals and Ores (meaning and examples).
Types of minerals - metallic and non-metallic
(i) Metallic: Iron ore, uranium, bauxite, manganese, gold, silver, copper
(ii) Non-Metallic: Limestone, mica, and mineral fuels (coal and petroleum), natural gas
Distribution of these minerals in India and the world, leading producers in the world; uses of these minerals.
Types of mining.
Conservation of minerals.
Location of the above minerals on the world map.
Theme 6: Study of Continents: North America and South America
A brief idea of the formation of continents.
North America
(i) Introduction
(ii) Location
(iii) Boundaries
(iv) Political divisions (countries and capitals)
(v) Major Physical features
(vi) Locating the above on the map.
(vii) Case Study: Lumbering in Canada
South America
(i) Introduction
(ii) Location
(iii) Boundaries
(iv) Political division
...
Official Syllabus
The syllabus consists of six themes -
(i) Representation of Geographical Features
(ii) Landforms
(iii) Water Bodies
(iv) Agriculture
(v) Minerals and
(vi) Study of Continents: North America and South America.
Theme 1: Representation of Geographical Features
(i) Maps: introduction, the difference between map, sketch, plan, and the globe.
(ii) Importance of maps.
(iii) Types of maps based on scale.
(iv) Scale: meaning and uses.
(v) Direction: eight cardinal points.
(vi) Symbols.
(vii) Diagrams (with brief explanation): rivers, meander, anticline, syncline, tributaries, distributaries, delta, block mountain.
Theme 2: Landforms
Types of landforms;
Mountains and Valleys: processes of formation of mountains and valleys - endogenous and exogenous processes
Mountains
Formation of Mountains, folding, meaning and characteristics of Young Fold Mountains, distribution of Young Fold Mountains in the world - Rockies, Andes, Alps, Great Dividing Range, Himalayas, and Atlas Mountains; meaning and characteristics of Old Fold Mountains, distribution of old fold mountains in the world (Urals, Appalachians, Aravalis). Location on the world map.
Faulting - meaning of faulting, formation, and characteristics of Block mountains, distribution of Block mountains in the world (Black Forest, Vosges, Vindhyas)
Importance of mountains
Volcanic mountains: formation and characteristics (Mount. Kilimanjaro in Africa and Mt. Fujiyama in Japan)
Valleys
Formation and characteristics of rift Valley, distribution of rift valleys in the world - Rhine, Narmada, Nile
Plateaus
Formation and characteristics, types of plateaus, distribution in the world (The Deccan plateau in India, Tibet Plateau, The east African Plateaus in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda), rich in mineral deposits. Location on the world map.
Plains
Formation and characteristics, types of plains, distribution of plains in the world (plains of North America, Gangetic plains of India). Location on the world map.
Landforms and people
Landforms - impact on the life of people. (comparison between life in the mountains and life in the plains)
Theme 3: Water Bodies
Oceans
Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean, and Southern Ocean; their characteristics and importance
Sea
Distribution of marginal and inland seas (Bering Sea, Caribbean Sea, North Sea, Black sea, Caspian Sea, Aral Sea, Arabian sea, Red sea, and dead sea).
Lakes
Distribution of major lakes in the world, their characteristics, and importance (Baikal, Five Great lakes of the U.S.A, Lake Omega, Lake Titicaca, Lake Victoria, and Chilka lake).
Rivers
Distribution of major rivers in the world, their characteristics, and importance, (Mackenzie, St Lawrence, Mississippi, Amazon, Nile, Rhine, Danube, Indus, Ganga, Yangtze, Huang Ho, Ob, Murray).
Causes of pollution of water bodies (in general).
Locating the above on the world map.
Theme 4: Agriculture
Introduction to different types of agricultural practices in the world.
Subsistence Farming
(i) Intensive Farming
(ii) Extensive Farming
(iii) Shifting Cultivation
Food crops and cash crops: meaning with examples - wheat, rice, cotton, jute, sugarcane
Commercial farming: meaning with examples
Plantation Farming: meaning with examples (tea, coffee, rubber)
Locate major crop-producing regions on the world map.
Green Revolution: A brief idea of how the green revolution helped in agricultural development.
Theme 5: Minerals
Minerals and Ores (meaning and examples).
Types of minerals - metallic and non-metallic
(i) Metallic: Iron ore, uranium, bauxite, manganese, gold, silver, copper
(ii) Non-Metallic: Limestone, mica, and mineral fuels (coal and petroleum), natural gas
Distribution of these minerals in India and the world, leading producers in the world; uses of these minerals.
Types of mining.
Conservation of minerals.
Location of the above minerals on the world map.
Theme 6: Study of Continents: North America and South America
A brief idea of the formation of continents.
North America
(i) Introduction
(ii) Location
(iii) Boundaries
(iv) Political divisions (countries and capitals)
(v) Major Physical features
(vi) Locating the above on the map.
(vii) Case Study: Lumbering in Canada
South America
(i) Introduction
(ii) Location
(iii) Boundaries
(iv) Political divisions (countries and capitals)
(v) Major Physical features
(vi) Locating the above on the map.
(vii) Case Study: Life in the Amazon river basin.
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