ISC EXAM LATEST UPDATE
The Class 11 exams depend on the schools, as they decide when to conduct the exams. Usually, the Class 11 exams are held a few months before the final board exams. This gives you the opportunity to prepare for the final board exams and also mentally prepare for them. Therefore, it is better to contact your school regarding the Class 11 exams, and also take advantage of the complete information provided here for the final board exam.
The Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) has officially released the date sheet for ISC (Class 12) board examinations for 2025. This year class 12th board exam will be started from 13 February 2025 and will last upto 05 April 2025, it will take around 52 days to complete the class 12th board exam. The first exam will be held on 13 February 2025 for Environmental Science subject and the last exam will be held on 05 April 2025 for Art subject. The Indian School Certificate Examination results will be declared in the month of May.
Official Syllabus
There will be two papers in the subject:
Paper I- Theory:3 hours ……80 marks
Paper II- Project Work……20 marks
PAPER - I (THEORY) – 80 Marks
Part I (20 marks) will consist of compulsory short answer questions testing knowledge, application, and skills relating to elementary/fundamental aspects of the entire syllabus.
Part II (60 marks) will consist of eight questions out of which candidates will be required to answer five questions, each carrying 12 marks.
1. Nature and Purpose of Business
(i) Classification of human activities-economic and economics.
Classification of human activities-economic and non-economic. Types of economic activities.
The distinction between business, profession, and employment.
(ii) Definition and concept of business; classification of business activities.
Definition of business. Characteristics of business. Classification of business activities:
(a) Industry: types of industries on the basis of activity (primary and secondary) and on the basis of size(micro, small, medium, and large). Role of small businesses in India.
(b) Commerce: branches of Commerce. Commerce-its nature and functions; the importance of Commerce. Branches of Commerce-trade and aids to trade. Relationship between commerce, trade, and industry.
(iii) Business objectives.
Business objectives: economic; social; human and national. Role of Profit in business.
2. Forms of Business Organisations
(i) Introduction to business organizations
Meaning, characteristics, types (private sector, public sector, Public Private Partnership (PPPs) /Joint Sector). Comparison between different types of organizations.
(ii) Soletrader-objectives; formation; merits and demerits
Meaning and definition of a sole trader; characteristics and objectives of a sole trader; merits and demerits.
(iii) Partnership
(a) Meaning, features; types of partners, and partnership firms.
Meaning and definition of partnership; features of partnership firms; types of partners and partnerships.
(b) Registration of Partnership firms.
Formation, meaning, and contents of partnership deed; registration and consequences of non-registration.
(c) Evaluation of partnership; merits and demerits.
Self-explanatory.
(d) Comparison of sole proprietorship and partnership.
Self-explanatory.
(iv) Corporate Organisations
(a) Joint Stock Company: meaning, features, merits, demerits, and objectives.
(b) Stages of Formation of a Company.
(c) Promotion, meaning, role, and types of promoters.
(d) Incorporation of a company-Meaning and steps of incorporation (including the filing of documents), certificate of incorporation.
(e) Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association (excluding alterations) and the distinction between the two documents.
Meaning and contents of MOA and AOA. The distinction between the MOA and AOA.
(f) Commencement of business.
Steps, Certificate of Commencement.
(g) Prospectus and statement in lieu of prospectus – meaning and contents only.
(h) Public and private companies and their comparative studies, privileges of private companies.
(v) Public Sector Undertakings
(a) Meaning; characteristics, objectives, role, and forms of Public Sector Undertakings (Government Companies).
Public Sector Undertakings - meaning; characteristics, objectives, role, and criticisms. Forms of Public Sector Undertakings (Government companies–definitions, features, merits, and demerits).
(b) Public-Private Partnerships.
Meaning and features of PPPs.
(vi) Co-operative organizations – meaning and characteristics
Co-operative organizations-meaning; characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages.
3. Social Responsibility of Business and Business Ethics
Concept and need for social responsibility.
Responsibility towards owners, investors, consumers, employees, government, and community; Responsibility of business towards the protection of the environment
...
ISC EXAM LATEST UPDATE
The Class 11 exams depend on the schools, as they decide when to conduct the exams. Usually, the Class 11 exams are held a few months before the final board exams. This gives you the opportunity to prepare for the final board exams and also mentally prepare for them. Therefore, it is better to contact your school regarding the Class 11 exams, and also take advantage of the complete information provided here for the final board exam.
The Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) has officially released the date sheet for ISC (Class 12) board examinations for 2025. This year class 12th board exam will be started from 13 February 2025 and will last upto 05 April 2025, it will take around 52 days to complete the class 12th board exam. The first exam will be held on 13 February 2025 for Environmental Science subject and the last exam will be held on 05 April 2025 for Art subject. The Indian School Certificate Examination results will be declared in the month of May.
Official Syllabus
There will be two papers in the subject:
Paper I- Theory:3 hours ……80 marks
Paper II- Project Work……20 marks
PAPER - I (THEORY) – 80 Marks
Part I (20 marks) will consist of compulsory short answer questions testing knowledge, application, and skills relating to elementary/fundamental aspects of the entire syllabus.
Part II (60 marks) will consist of eight questions out of which candidates will be required to answer five questions, each carrying 12 marks.
1. Nature and Purpose of Business
(i) Classification of human activities-economic and economics.
Classification of human activities-economic and non-economic. Types of economic activities.
The distinction between business, profession, and employment.
(ii) Definition and concept of business; classification of business activities.
Definition of business. Characteristics of business. Classification of business activities:
(a) Industry: types of industries on the basis of activity (primary and secondary) and on the basis of size(micro, small, medium, and large). Role of small businesses in India.
(b) Commerce: branches of Commerce. Commerce-its nature and functions; the importance of Commerce. Branches of Commerce-trade and aids to trade. Relationship between commerce, trade, and industry.
(iii) Business objectives.
Business objectives: economic; social; human and national. Role of Profit in business.
2. Forms of Business Organisations
(i) Introduction to business organizations
Meaning, characteristics, types (private sector, public sector, Public Private Partnership (PPPs) /Joint Sector). Comparison between different types of organizations.
(ii) Soletrader-objectives; formation; merits and demerits
Meaning and definition of a sole trader; characteristics and objectives of a sole trader; merits and demerits.
(iii) Partnership
(a) Meaning, features; types of partners, and partnership firms.
Meaning and definition of partnership; features of partnership firms; types of partners and partnerships.
(b) Registration of Partnership firms.
Formation, meaning, and contents of partnership deed; registration and consequences of non-registration.
(c) Evaluation of partnership; merits and demerits.
Self-explanatory.
(d) Comparison of sole proprietorship and partnership.
Self-explanatory.
(iv) Corporate Organisations
(a) Joint Stock Company: meaning, features, merits, demerits, and objectives.
(b) Stages of Formation of a Company.
(c) Promotion, meaning, role, and types of promoters.
(d) Incorporation of a company-Meaning and steps of incorporation (including the filing of documents), certificate of incorporation.
(e) Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association (excluding alterations) and the distinction between the two documents.
Meaning and contents of MOA and AOA. The distinction between the MOA and AOA.
(f) Commencement of business.
Steps, Certificate of Commencement.
(g) Prospectus and statement in lieu of prospectus – meaning and contents only.
(h) Public and private companies and their comparative studies, privileges of private companies.
(v) Public Sector Undertakings
(a) Meaning; characteristics, objectives, role, and forms of Public Sector Undertakings (Government Companies).
Public Sector Undertakings - meaning; characteristics, objectives, role, and criticisms. Forms of Public Sector Undertakings (Government companies–definitions, features, merits, and demerits).
(b) Public-Private Partnerships.
Meaning and features of PPPs.
(vi) Co-operative organizations – meaning and characteristics
Co-operative organizations-meaning; characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages.
3. Social Responsibility of Business and Business Ethics
Concept and need for social responsibility.
Responsibility towards owners, investors, consumers, employees, government, and community; Responsibility of business towards the protection of the environment; Meaning and importance of Business ethics.
4. Emerging Modes of Business
(i) E-business.
Scope and benefits, Resources required for successful e-business implementation, online transactions, payment mechanisms, security and safety of business transactions.
(ii) Outsourcing.
Concept, need, and scope of BPO and KPO.
(iii) Smart Cards.
Meaning.
5. Stock Exchange
(i) Meaning and importance.
(ii) Functions and services.
(iii) Major Stock Exchanges in India (BSE,NSE, DSE, ASE) – types and locations.
(iv) Types of operators – Brokers, Jobbers, Bulls and Bears.
(v) Terms used in Stock Exchange-ex-dividend, cum dividend, spot delivery,forward delivery.
(vi) SEBI–functions and objectives.
Self-explanatory
6.Trade
(i) Wholesalers.
Meaning and services of wholesaler to retailer, customer and producer.
(ii) (a) Retail trade – Meaning and characteristics.
Retail trade - meaning, characteristics of retail trade.
Distinction between wholesale and retail trade.
(b) Types of retail trade-Departmental store, chain store, automatic vending machines.
Meaning, features, merits and demerits to be covered.
(c) Documents used in home trade.
Documents used in hometrade–inquiry; quotation; catalogues; order; invoice; debit note; credit note.
Price quotations-cash discount and trade discount.
7. Foreign Trade
(i) Meaning, difference between internal trade and external trade.
Meaning and characteristics of international trade; advantages and disadvantages of international trade.
(ii) Export trade–Meaning and objectives.
Self-explanatory.
(iii) Import trade–Meaning, objectives and purpose.
Meaning and functions of import trade; objectives and purpose
(iv) Documents involved in international trade.
Documents involved in export trade, such as: letter of credit, shipping order, shipping bill, mate’s receipt, bill of lading, certificate of origin, consular invoice, documentary bill of exchange (DA/DP), all need to be explained.
Documents involved in import trade, suchas: import license, indent, letter of credit, documentary bill of exchange, bill of entry, bill of sight, port trust dues receipt, application to import, advice note, bill of lading, all need to be explained.
(v) World Trade Organisation.
WTO - meaning and objectives.
8. Insurance
(i) Insurance–Meaning, objectives and purpose.
Meaning, objectives and purpose of insurance; Concept of re-insurance and double insurance.
(ii) Principles of insurance.
Fundamental principles to be explained: outmost good faith; insurable interest; indemnity; contribution; doctrine of subrogation; causa proxima. mitigation of loss.
(ii) Types of insurance: life and non-life.
Types of insurance – life, health, fire, marine, motor, social and fidelity insurance (Meaning and importance only).
PAPER II – PROJECT WORK – 20 Marks
Candidates will be expected to have completed two projects from any topic covered in Theory.
Mark allocation for each Project [10 marks]:
| Overall format | 1 mark |
| Content | 4 mark |
| Findings | 2 mark |
| Viva-voce basedon the Project | 3 mark |
| Total | 10 mark |
A list of suggested Projects is given below:
1. Select a daily use consumer product. Trace its origin right from the primary industry through the secondary and tertiary industries. Draw a flow chart to include all the business activities in its path from the producer to the consumer.
2. Assume you are starting a partnership firm with your friend/friends. Develop a business plan covering the following aspects:
- Formation of this partnership firm – rules and steps that would be followed including the partnership deed
- Choice of types of partners involved and your justification for the same.
3. Select two infrastructure projects of public sector undertakings that have been recently commissioned.
Analyze each project in terms of:
- Objectives
- Profitability
- Adherence to the time schedule for project completion.
- Social utility
- Conclusion.
4. Identity two Public Private Partnership projects. Find out:
- The equity participation of both the partners.
- Objectives of the partnership
- Strengths both partners bring into the venture.
5. Select one consumer cooperative and one housing cooperative. For each of the cooperatives:
- State the objectives.
- The organizational structure.
- Details of surplus distribution and the form of government support.
6. Study real time cases in which organizations did not show responsibility towards investors/consumers/ employees/government/ community. Take at least two such cases. For each case prepare a report based on the following:
- A brief about of the case.
- Different issues involved in the case.
- Who was at fault and why?
- What should the company have done to stand by the business ethics?
- Do you agree with the company’s view point? Give reasons.
7. Document and analyze the Corporate Social Responsibility activities of a pharmaceutical company and a five - star hotel.
Comment on the changing role assumed by Corporates towards business ethics and social responsibility in the last two decades.
8. Identify any trade association and chamber of commerce head quartered in your town/city. Study each in terms of:
- Its objectives.
- Services provided to members.
- Help given to the business community.
9. Contact an insurance agent and collect information about 5 different types of life insurance policies provided by different companies. Include information as per details given below for every insurance plan and make a comparative analysis.
- Premium of insurance
- Terms of inclusions and exclusions of each policy
- Term of the policy
- Withdrawal of money from the insurance scheme (surrender / foreclosure)
- Advantages/disadvantages of the plan
10. Study the BPO and KPO industry in India. Collect newspaper/magazine articles on BPOs and KPOs.
Prepare a report highlighting:
- Their contribution to the business community and the nation.
- Their growth over the past 10 years in India.
Comment on the social cost of such organisations.
11. Visit a company that is involved in e-business (which offers online services) or a consultancy, which helps in developing websites for such companies.
Study different aspects they keep in mind while preparing business plans for e-business. Include information regarding the payment mechanisms, security and safety of business transactions. The risks involved in e-business should also be covered. Also include the steps they follow while implementing the plan and starting the business.
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