Entry Level Qualification 

12

Career Fields 

Engineering & Technology

For Specially Abled 

Career Entrance Exam 

JEE MAIN BE/BTECH, GATE

About Career 

As a Robotics and Automation Engineer, you will be researching, designing, developing, testing and manufacturing or installing robots, robotic automation systems or applications, and automated machines such as such as the humanoid robots Sophia and ASIMO, artificial helpdesk assistant Amelia (Amelia can chat and talk with you just like humans and answer most of your queries about a company's products and services or work as a customer supper person and solve your product related problems; well most of the problems), and the Da Vinci surgical system which can conduct surgeries in humans.

Various industries today use fully or partially automated manufacturing or assembling process. Such as the automobile industry. If you watch a video of a car manufacturing factory such as that of Mercedes Benz, BMW, or Ferrari, you would see how car is being assembled by automated robots or being painted by automated machines. Human interventions are only few. This helps in making the production process error free.

What is Automation?

You might have to first understand the usage of the terms ‘Automation’ and ‘Robotics’. Automation can be applied to tasks or processes that are repetitive in nature which would otherwise be done by a human worker (this means that human workers are replaced by machine workers). The key purpose of automation technologies is to reduce or completely get rid of human errors. Amelia is an example of intelligent automation. Amelia can work as a Call Centre Agent or a Help Desk agent very efficiently.

What is Robotics?

Roboticsis a branch of engineering which deals with designing of special instruments for physical tasks that are either difficult for humans to do or which are hazardous and unsafe for humans. Robotics is also ushering in various machines which can do what humans cannot do at all. For example, painting of cars could be quite hazardous for humans. So robotic machines do away with that hazard. An automated drone can fly to an enemy zone and bomb military targets precisely without human casualty.

So, as a Robotics and Automation Engineer, what will be your tasks?

Robotics and Automation are multi-disciplinary fields. Meaning, people with many educational backgrounds and specialisations can find work in Robotics and Automation. You may yourself in a specific field of work depending upon your background.

You may become an engineer who invents robotic automation systems which may have many applications. You will conceptualise, design, develop, and test such systems. Or, you may become an engineer who would study a specific automation requirement of a client (to automate a business or manufacturing process) and find out a solution. In this role also, you will design, develop, test, and manufacture/install such solution.

You may design a microprocessor which can execute an automated task. You can design part of a robot, say, a humanoid robot’s biomechanical system (by which the robot may walk, raise hand, smile, and so on).

You may design an automated machine for carrying out surgeries or may design a micro-robot which can be sent inside the blood vessel of a human to assess the amount of lipid deposits on the wall or to take images of the vessel walls.

You may design and develop a software for enabling a robot to talk like humans. You may design a neural computer network for a robot’s brain, by the help of which the robot may perform a task like humans.

You can do so many things as a Robotic and Automation Engineer.

Functional Fields of Work

As a Robotics and Automation Engineer, you will be involved in any one of the following broad functional fields of work and will assume responsibilities accordingly:

1. Research and Development (R&D)

Work is entirely laboratory basedthat involves inventing new designs and working models. Sometimes you may have to work on existing models to improve its capacities or make them better (to create next generation of existing products!). Here aresomespecific research areas:

1. R&D in Industrial Automation - Solution and Process Development

2. R&D in Applications in Robotic Processes and Automation Processes

3. R&D in Artificial Intelligence - specific to robotic intelligence

4. R&Din Electronic Design - specific to development of various processors and hardware for building robots

5. R&Din Bionics and Biomechatronics - specific to develop prosthetics and orthotics/exoskeletons (like a robotic arm or leg)

6. R&Din Natural Language Processing - specific to developing robotic intelligence in language processing

2. Products / Application Development and Prototype (Model) Launch

After a ‘robot’ is newly invented or developed in a laboratory, it must be pushed to industrial manufacturing. This process first involves launching of a prototype which is a working model of the ‘laboratoryversion’ of the robot. This prototype launch process must be continuously supervised. Thereafter, the prototype is approved for manufacturing. Remember, arobotcan only be manufactured in parts (Part A, B, C and so on) and then assembled at different levels such as Level 1 is Part A + Part B then Level 2 Part (A+B) with Part C etc. 

3. Production Launch, Batch Testing and Quality Control.

This is also factory/field based work. Manufacturing activities for a saleable copy of the prototype are collectively referred to as ‘production launch’. A manufactured assembled product must be analyzed by Test Engineers (trained experts in robotictesting) who evaluate every aspect of the engineering design to see whether all parts function properly. If not, they suggest corrective action or solutions to amend quality issues by consulting all cross-functional work teams like lab teams, or manufacturing teams etc. Sometimes statistical methods are also used to diagnose and correct quality defects.

Generally, manufacturing units produce their products in batches. Let us consider a manufacturing factory of the company Parrot SA, producing ‘Anafi’ drones. Drones are wireless flying objects used for surveillance or photography. Batch 1 of ‘Anafi’ dronesmay not perfectly match the quality standards. Similarly, Batch 1 also may not match with Batch 2 and so on.Also, each batch should contain the same number of units.

4. Deployment and Field Services

Work is generally at customer locations to drive installation and optimization of robot performance. Team members communicate with customers and act using remote control systems to minimize technical issues and meet customer expectations. Deployment Engineers may perform 24/7 remote or on-site support at customer facilities after sales.

5. Education

Educators, Trainers and Design Instructors are involved in teaching/demonstrating to a class. You may be a Lecturer/Professor in an academic institution, or you may be a Design Instruction Engineer involved in undergraduate laboratory course experiments teaching undergraduate students how to use laboratory facilities. Design Instructors are also involved in coordinating with in-house teaching faculty to improve laboratory standards or course curriculum.

Key Roles and Responsibilities

As a Robotics and Automation Engineer depending on your functional field of work, you will be engaged with one or moreof the following roles and responsibilities: -

A. For Research and Development

1. You will be creating new solutions addressing critical challenges in roboticsby exploring, developing, and integrating new sensing techniques.

2. You will be using designing software like CAD and MechDesigner to design and prototype robot motion control.

3. You will be testing performance of electromechanical assemblies, sometimes with regards to a living subject which means you will have to examine how your creations work inside/alongside a living organism.

For an e.g. "HAL" (robot worn by people with physical disabilities like a garment), it had to undergo multiple testing phases with live human volunteers before commercial manufacture.

4. You will be preparing detailed written or verbal presentations, technical reports and compilations based upon research outcomes.

B. For Products / Application Development and Prototype (Model) Launch

1. You will be planning, controlling and overseeing all technical issues during the prototype launch process of a product as part of the application development team.

2. You will be suggesting solutions after evaluating the technical issues by consulting other teams like manufacturing or laboratory teams.

3. You will also have to prepare documentation/paperwork as well as engineering calculations associated with the changes after they have been implemented.

C. For Production Launch, Batch Testing and Quality Control

1. You will be responsible for performing visual, mechanical and electrical inspections at subassembly and final assembly levels using engineering drawings/specifications and general quality control standards.

In order to build a robot of any kind, the component parts must be assembled in different stages. There are many sub-assembly levels and one final assembly level.

For e.g. in case of industrial manufacture of cochlear implants (Bionic Ear) which helps severely deaf patients to hearby electrically stimulating nerves inside their ear. It has an electrical part that sits on the head and must be fixed surgically. It has another mechanical part that sits on the rim of the ear. All these parts must be tested individually and then attached together at different levels.

2. You will have to record all your inspection data.

3. You will be reviewing manufacturing documentation to ensure that all assembly, testing and inspection steps were performed following specifications.

4. You will be collaborating with manufacturing team to investigate trends (find out what new changes can be introduced to the product development process), conduct root cause analysis (find out what causes are leading to which manufacturing problems) and suggest corrective actions (find out methods to correct the problems found) for processes and products.

5. You will be conducting internal audits regularly, leading quality related meetings and coordinating/facilitating training of employees when required.

D. For Deployment and Field Services

1. You will be answering to customer calls, which willinvolve interacting with associates and management, to remotely correct issues, or communicate with the next level of support if needed.

2. You will have to make visits to client locations and vendor offices or their manufacturing plants where you will perform inspection of installed products as part of field verification of engineering designs.

3. You will be monitoring robot performance and adjust for improvements in minimizing robot disruptions to meet customer expectations.   

4. You will be remotely examining and correcting issues using proprietary cloud-based virtual reality remote control tools.

5. You will have to provide timely, accurate, and detailed service visit reports typically within a day of job completion.

E. For Education

1. You will be involved in teaching/demonstrating to a class of students or a team of research scholars pursuing this stream of study.

2. You will typically be engaged in supervising or outlining research projects for doctoral or post-doctoral scholars working in your team.

3. You will demonstrate techniques or handling of apparatuses to your students inside a laboratory and counsel / guide students in performance of laboratory course experiments.

4. You will participate in seminars, science congresses, conferences across the world.

5. You will be involved in conducting regular research regarding new technologies, experimental techniques, instruments and laboratory supplies that can improve research standards as well as operating procedures and outcomes.

Career Entry Pathway 

Class 10 all subjects as per scheme of studies – Class 11-12 Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics along with any other subject as per scheme of studies – Undergraduate degree in ‘Robotics’, Mechanical, Electronics, Electrical or Mechatronics Engineering or similar – work for at least 4 years in respective field

After completing Class 11-12 Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics along with any other subject as per scheme of studies, you can go for a B. Sc or BS or B Sci (Bachelor of Science)/ B. Tech (Bachelor of Technology) / BE or B Eng (Bachelor of Engineering) / MPhys / Integrated tertiary level courses (courses offering undergraduate study + training) or similar Bachelor degree courses in Robotics, Mechatronics, Electronics, Electronics and Control System, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering,Computer ScienceEngineering,Industrial Automation, Computational Sciences, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Computational Linguistic, Biomechanics or associated fields. Then you need to work for at least 4 years in your respective field.

Class 10 all subjects as per scheme of studies – Class 11-12 Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics along with any other subject as per scheme of studies – Undergraduate degree in Robotics, Mechanical, Electronics, Electrical or Mechatronics Engineering or similar- Post graduation degree in Robotics,Mechatronics, Mechanical, Electronics, Electrical, Computer Engineering or similar fields

After completing Class 11-12 Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics along with any other subject as per scheme of studies, you can first do a bachelor degree courses in Robotics, Mechatronics, Electronics, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Computer ScienceEngineering,Industrial Automation, Control Systems, Computational Sciences, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Computational Linguistic, Biomechanics or associated fields. Then you may go for postgraduation specifically M Sc orM Sci (Master of Science)/ M. Tech (Master of Technology) / ME or MEng (Master of Engineering) / MS ROB (Master of Science in Robotics) degree or similar postgraduation level courses in Robotics,Mechatronics, Mechanical, Electronics, Electrical, Computer Engineering, Control Systems, Industrial Automation, Automation Engineering or similar fields.

Class 10 all subjects as per scheme of studies – Class 11-12 Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics along with any other subject as per scheme of studies – Undergraduate degree in Robotics, Mechanical, Electronics, Electrical or Mechatronics Engineering or similar- Post graduation degree in Robotics,Mechatronics, Mechanical, Electronics, Electrical, Computer Engineering or similar fields– Doctoral Studies in Robotics, Automation Engineering, Mechatronics, Electronics, Computer Engineering or similar fields

After completing Class 11-12 Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics along with any other subject as per scheme of studies, you can first do a bachelor degree courses in Robotics, Mechatronics, Electronics, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Computer ScienceEngineering,Industrial Automation, Control Systems, Computational Sciences, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Computational Linguistic, Biomechanics or associated fields. Then you may go for postgraduation specifically M Sc or M Sci (Master of Science)/ M. Tech (Master of Technology) / ME or MEng (Master of Engineering) / MS ROB (Master of Science in Robotics) degree or similar postgraduation level courses in Robotics,Mechatronics, Mechanical, Electronics, Electrical, Computer Engineering, Control Systems, Industrial Automation, Automation Engineering or similar fields. Then you can complete your doctoral studies in Robotics, Automation Engineering, Mechatronics, Electronics, Computer Engineering, or in a similar field.

Class 10 all subjects as per scheme of studies – Class 11-12 Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics along with any other subject as per scheme of studies – B.Sc. in Physics / Electronics / Applied Physics / Similar field – M.Sc. in Physics / Electronics / Applied Physics / Mechanics / similar field – M.Tech. or M.S. in Electronics / Robotics / similar field

After completing Class 11-12 Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics along with any other subject as per scheme of studies, you can first do a bachelor degree courses in Physics / Applied Physics / Electronics or a similar field. Then you can do an M.Sc. in Physics / Applied Physics / Electronics / Mechanics or a similar field. Thereafter you can opt for an M.Tech. / M.S. in Electronics / Robotics / similar field. If you find an opportunity to study abroad, you may also go for a Ph.D. after your M.Sc. Typically such Ph.D. courses are of minimum 5 years duration. You may also enroll for Ph.D. after M.Tech.

Required Qualification & Competencies 

To get into this career, you must first complete your Class 11-12 with Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics along with any other subject as per scheme of studies. Then you can do an undergraduate degree. Thereafter you may either join a job or do a Post Graduate degree. After your postgraduate education, you can start working or go for a Ph.D.

You can choose to obtain your Engineering degree in any of the following fields or in a similar field:

1. Applied Physics

2. Artificial Intelligence

3. Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning

4. Bioelectrical Engineering

5. Bioelectronics Engineering

6. Biomechanical Engineering

7. Biomechanics

8. Biomedical Engineering

9. Biomedical Instrumentation & Devices

10. Bionics

11. Biosensor Technologies

12. Computational Linguistics

13. Computational Sciences & Engineering

14. Computer Science & Engineering

15. Control Engineering

16. Data Science & Engineering

17. Digital Electronics

18. Distributed & Parallel Computing

19. Electrical and Computer Engineering

20. Electrical and Electronics Engineering

21. Electrical Engineering

22. Electrical Signal Processing & Systems

23. Electromechanical Engineering

24. Electronic Systems & Devices

25. Electronics

26. Electronics & Instrumentation

27. Electronics and Biomedical Engineering

28. Electronics and Computer Engineering

29. Electronics Engineering

30. Embedded Systems and VLSI Design

31. Engineering Mechanics

32. Engineering Physics

33. Industrial Automation

34. Information Science & Engineering

35. Machine Learning

36. Mechanical Engineering

37. Mechanics

38. Mechatronics Engineering

39. Physics

40. Robotics

41. Software Engineering

COMPETENCIES REQUIRED

1. You should have interests for Investigative Occupations. Investigative occupations involve working with ideas and quite a lot of thinking, often abstract or conceptual thinking. These involve learning about facts and figures; involve use of data analysis, assessment of situations, decision making and problem solving.

2. You should have interests for Realistic Occupations. Realistic occupations involve more practical and hands-on activities than paperwork or office work. Realistic occupations often involve physical activities for getting things done using various tools and equipment.

3. You should have interests for Enterprising Occupations. You should have interests for Enterprising Occupations. Enterprising occupations involve taking initiatives, initiating actions, and planning to achieve goals, often business goals. These involve gathering resources and leading people to get things done. These require decision making, risk taking and action orientation.

4. You may need knowledge of Physical Science - Knowledge of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understand fluid, material, earth, ocean, atmosphere, and space dynamics, as well as mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub- atomic structures, properties and processes.

5. You may need knowledge of Electrical and Electronics - Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic system design, electronic equipment, electrical equipment and appliances, electrical power generation, etc.

6. You should have knowledge of Computers–for using computers for various technical and academic purposes.

7. You may have to be familiar with a number of analytical or scientific software (Gazebo, GRASPIT!, The MathWorks MATLAB, application server software (Player), compiler and decompiler software (Compilers), program testing software (Debuggers, Profilers), object or component oriented development software(C++, Microsoft Visual C#, Python) etc.

8. You should have Critical Thinking skills- Skills in the analysis of complex situations, using logic and reasoning to understand the situations and take appropriate actions or make interpretations and inferences.

9. You should have Reading Comprehension Skills - Skills in understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.

10. You should have Judgment and DecisionMaking Skills - considering pros and cons of various decision alternatives; considering costs and benefits; taking appropriate and suitable decisions.

11. You should have Problem Solving Skills - Skills in analysis and understanding of problems, evaluating various options to solve the problems and using the best option to solve the problems.

12. You should have Oral Comprehension Ability - listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

13. You should have Oral Expression Ability - communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.

14. You should have Deductive Reasoning Ability - apply general rules and common logic to specific problems to produce answers that are logical and make sense. For example, understanding the reasons behind an event or a situation using general rules and common logic.

15. You should have Problem Sensitivity - The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.

16. You should have Inductive Reasoning Ability - The ability to combine pieces of information from various sources, concepts, and theories to form general rules or conclusions. For example, analyzing various events or situations to come out with a set of rules or conclusions.

17. You are always or mostly careful about your actions and behaviour.

18. You are always or mostly disciplined in your action and behaviour.

19. You are always calm or generally remain calm in most situations.

20. You can always act independently or could do so in most situations.

21. You always prefer to experience newthings and have new experiences, or you mostly do.

Career - Job Opportunities & Profiles 

You can find work in potential areas like in industries and research institutions dealing with robotics, automation, mechatronics, or service providers and experts specializing in soft or hard Robotics or in electronics and electrical devices manufacturing companies, optometric device manufacturing companies, power/energy industry, healthcare research-based companies, etc. You may find work in roles such as:

1. Robotics Engineer

2. Robotics Developer

3. Robotics Planning Engineer

4. Automation Engineer

5. Project Scientist

6. Solution Design Engineer

7. Computer Vision Research Engineer

8. Embedded Robotics Engineer

9. Research Scientist

10. Assistant Professor

Some of the key players in Robotics and Automation market worldwide include: Honda, Toyota Research Institute, Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratory, Google, Apple, Facebook Reality Labs, Kawasaki Robotics (USA), Inc., Denso Wave Inc., Hitachi Ltd., Panasonic, Samsung, Toyota Motor Corp., Yamaha Robotics, The Boeing Company, etc.

SPECIALISATION TRACKS IN THIS CAREER

1. Robotics Engineer (Aerospace)

This is a broad category which includes all sorts of flying robots and robots that can operate in space. Astro-roboticists are specially trained for building robot-enabled dynamic systems to assist in space missions. As examples, you can consider ‘SmartBird’ robotic seagull and the ‘Raven’ surveillance drone. Also, NASA's Robonaut, the humanoid that flew to the International Space Station and is now back on Earth.

2. Robotics and Automation Engineer (Humanoids)

A humanoid is probably what comes to your mind when you think of the word ‘robot’. Specially trained roboticists build Humanoids which resemble the human body and are designed to do tasks meant for humans but mostly in a safe urban environment around humans. Examples of humanoid robots include Honda’s ‘Asimo’, which has a mechanical appearance, and androids like the ‘Geminoid’ series, which are designed to look like people. Also, diving humanoids like ‘Ocean One’ (the favorite place for this robot is underwater).

3. Robotics and Automation Engineer (Biorobotics, Medical and Health-Care Robots)

This segment includes Roboticists who design systems such as the Da Vinci surgical robot (to help doctors during surgeries) and bionic prostheses (mechanical arms/legs attached to a human body), as well as robotic exoskeletons (robots that can be worn or taken off like a garment) for people with physical limitations.

4. Robotics and Automation Engineer (Consumer - personal and homecare appliances)

A section of Roboticists design and develop consumer robots which you can buy and use just for fun or to help you with tasks. Examples are Amazon’s Echo dot, Alexa, the robot dog Aibo, the Roomba vacuum, and a growing variety of robotic toys and kits.

5. Robotics and Automation Engineer (Drones)

Some roboticists specialize in preparing ‘Drones’.Drones are also called ‘unmanned aerial vehicles’ (UAV-aircraft without a human pilot) or quadcopters. They can be of different sizes and have different levels of autonomy (capability of instructing themselves). Drones have several applications ranging from aerial photography to safety surveillance, search and rescue operations, logistics, military activities, agricultural activities (monitoring or spraying) etc. Examples include DJI’s popular Phantom series and Parrot’s Anafi, as well as military systems like Global Hawk, used for long-duration surveillance. DJI is also planning to add airplane and helicopter detectors to new drones in 2020.

6. Robotics and Automation Engineer (Entertainment)

Another class of Roboticists design special robots with a mind to evoke an emotional response in humans and make us laugh or feel surprised. This is one of the most challenging subfields of Robotics and Automation. Among these are robot comedian RoboThespian, Disney’s theme park robots like Navi Shaman, and musically inclined bots like Partner.

7. Robotics and Automation Engineer (Telepresence)

This is one of the most interesting sub-fields. Roboticists specializing in creating remotely controlled robots are involved in designing robotic systems which can associate with a human host and do their jobs at the host’s physical absence. Telepresence robots allow you to be present at a place without going there. You connect with the robot via the internet and drive it around, seeing through the robot’s eyes, and talking with people! Let us consider that your household physician is on a trip to China but someone at your home needs medical attention. Through these ‘Teleoperated’ robots, your doctor can attend to your relative while sitting in China! The robotic arm on the Space Shuttle is another such example.

8. Robotics and Automation Engineer (Micro/Nanorobotics)

Micro/Nano Roboticists are engaged in developing tiny microscale or nanoscale robots which can have varied applications. 1 meter is 106 times a micrometer or micron and 109 times a nanometer so you can imagine how small these robots are. The most advantageous factor is that they can access smaller spaces or scales directly due to their small size. They usually function as a colony which means hundreds of such robots are required for a single task. Some common fields of application are diagnosis and treatment inside or outside the human body, environmental monitoring, search and rescue, and defense using miniature mobile robots. These robots are also being designed with various locomotion capabilities such as flying, walking, swimming, rolling, hopping, and climbing.

CAREER GROWTH

You may grow though the following or similar roles depending on your functional field of work.

1. Functional Research and Design:

Senior Product Development Engineer, Lead Robotics Project Engineer, Principal Method Development Scientist, Senior Manager-Advanced Manufacturing, Head of Technical/R&D, Plant Manager, Deputy Director - Product Development and Engineering, Director - Research Strategy & Integrity

2. Production and Quality Control:

Senior Optimization Analyst, Senior Quality Systems Validation Engineer, Lead Quality Engineer, Manager – Sustaining Assets & Services, Service & Maintenance Manager - Logistics &Warehouse Automation, Science Planning and Coordination Manager, Senior Product Development Manager, Director-Quality Control

3. Education:

Industrial Fellow, Associate Lecturer, Lecturer (Level B), Lecturer (Level C), Senior Lecturer/Associate Professor, Emeritus Professor, Visiting Senior Research Fellow, Honorary Senior Research Fellow, Director of Department.

Salary Offered  

India

1. At the entry level jobs, after your Bachelor’s degree depending upon the institution where you are graduating from, you may expect to get about Rs. 25,000 – 1,00,000 or even more a month.

2. After 4-5 years of work experience, you may expect to earn around Rs. 40,000 to Rs. 1,50,000 a month or more depending on your job location and roles.

3. At the entry level jobs, after your Master’s degree depending upon the institution where you are graduating from, you may expect to get about Rs. 40,000 – 1,50,000 or even more a month. In junior level jobs (after 4-5 years of experience), you can make about Rs. 60,000 – 2,00,000 or more per month.

4. In mid-level engineering jobs in India (after having 8-10 years of experience), you can expect to earn about Rs. 1,50,000 – 5,00,000 or even more a month.

5. In senior-level engineering jobs in India (after having 15 years of experience), you can expect to earn about Rs. 2,50,000 – 25,00,000 or even more a month.

Global (US)

1. Remember that, if you are not a US citizen, getting a job in USA after a bachelor’s degree will be a rare case. However, after your Graduate (Master’s or Ph.D.), you may look forward to if you do well in your course. The chances of getting a job after graduate courses increase with the reputation of the university from where you graduate. However, if you are from a premier institute like IIT, you may get a campus placement in USA. But even that is few and far between.

2. At the entry level jobs, after your Bachelor’s degree depending upon the institution where you are graduating from, you may expect to get about USD 3,000 – 6,000 or even more a month.

3. After 4-5 years of work experience, you may expect to earn around USD 4,500 to USD 8,000 a month or more depending on your job location and roles.

4. At the entry level jobs, after your Graduate (after Master’s or Ph.D.) degree depending upon the institution where you are graduating from and the engineering discipline, you may expect to get about USD 4,500 – 7,000 or even more a month. In junior level jobs (after 4-5 years of postgraduation), you can make about USD 5,000 – 8,000 or more per month.

5. In mid-level engineering jobs (after having 8-10 years of experience), you can expect to earn about USD 7,000 – 12,500 or even more a month.

6. In senior-level engineering jobs (after having 15 years of experience), you can expect to earn about USD 10,000 – 18,000 or even more a month. Senior corporate leaders get much more than this; their total remuneration including performance bonuses could be as high as half a million dollar or even a few million dollars a year.

Middle Eastern, North African and South East Asian countries

1. Remember that unless you have 5-10 years of good work experience, it is not feasible to get a job in these countries. If you get, that’s a rare case or you may get placed in these countries only from your campus interview.

2. After having 5-10 years of experience, in these countries, you may get about Rs. 1,50,000 – 4,50,000 or more a month along with other benefits like tax free salaries, travel expenses, etc. Mid-level salaries range from Rs. 3,00,000 – 7,50,000 or more a month. Senior level salaries range from 5,00,000 – 30,00,000 or more a month. All salaries are mentioned when exchanged for Indian currencies. Salaries could also be lesser in some countries like Egypt and Malaysia.

MONTHLY EARNINGS IN INDIAN RUPEE 

1. Entry level: 0 - 2 years of work experience

2. Junior Level: From 1 to 12 years of work experience

3. Mid Level: From 5 to 20+ years of work experience

4. Senior Level: From 10 to 25+ years of work experience (there could be exceptions in some high-end technical, financial, engineering, creative, management, sports, and other careers; also in the near future, people will reach these levels much faster in many careers and in some careers, these levels will have no meaning as those careers will be completely tech skill driven such as even now, there is almost no level in a Cyber Security Expert’s job)

Famous Personalities 

Information not available.

Work Activities 

1. Drawing, drafting, laying out and specifying objects, equipment, devices, tools, and systems - Creating and developing designs, drawings, layouts and specifications about how to construct, manufacture, assemble, build, use, and maintain various equipment, devices, tools and systems.

2. Inspecting equipment, systems, structures, and materials - Inspecting equipment, systems, structures, and materials to ascertain quality, performance, defects, causes of errors, etc.

3. Fabricating, assembling, and constructing equipment, devices and products - Fabricating, assembling, constructing or otherwise manufacturing products, equipment, devices and tools; testing and calibrating products, equipment, devices, tools and systems.

4. Operating machines, equipment, devices, systems and processes - Using various methods and techniques to operate machines, equipment, devices, systems and processes in industrial and other settings.

5. Analysing and interpreting data and information - Analysis of data and information to find facts, trends, reasons behind situations, etc.; interpretation of data to aid in decision making.

6. Processing information - Compiling, tabulating, calculating, auditing, verifying or otherwise dealing with information processing including data entry, transcription, recording, storing and maintaining databases.

7. Creative thinking - Developing new ideas, concepts, innovative solutions to problems, newer ways of getting things done, designing products and services, creating work of art and craft, etc.

8. Strategic planning - Developing visions and goals, developing strategies and action plans for achieving visions and goals.

9. Assessing and evaluating quality - Assessing and evaluating quality of materials, systems, processes, products, services, etc.

10. Handling and moving objects and materials - Using hands or otherwise use physical strength to handle and move objects and materials; maneuver, install, lift, place, manipulate, etc.

11. Monitoring processes, systems and performance - Observing and recording information on various criteria to monitor mechanical, electronics, electrical and other processes and systems; monitoring progress of projects and tasks.

12. Making decisions and solving problems - Analysis of data and information; evaluation of alternative decisions and results of decisions; taking the right decisions and solving problems.

13. Organising, planning and prioritizing tasks - Planning and organising tasks in order to achieve work goals; prioritizing tasks to achieve goals and making the best use of the time available.

14. Updating and using relevant knowledge - Keeping updated with the latest knowledge relevant to your fields of work and use of the relevant knowledge in getting things done.

15. Getting Information and learning - Observing, hearing, reading, using computers, or otherwise obtaining information and learning from it.

16. Using computers for work - Using computers for day-to-day office work; using computer software for various applications in day-to-day professional work; entering data and process information; for writing.

17. Communicating with co-workers and others - Communicating with people in writing, verbally or otherwise inside your workplace and various other people who have professional relationships with your place of work including vendors, government officials, etc. or with people at large.

18. Working in a team - Working in a team of people; developing team; maintaining professional relationships among team members.